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Muslim rule in India saw a major shift in the cultural, linguistic, and religious makeup of the subcontinent. [8] Persian and Arabic vocabulary began to enter local languages, giving way to modern Punjabi, Bengali, and Gujarati, while creating new languages including Hindustani and its dialect, Deccani , used as official languages under Muslim ...
Islam is India's second-largest religion, [7] with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census. [8] India also has the third-largest number of Muslims in the world. [9] [10] The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim ...
Expansion of trade brought India into contact with Islam. Arab traders settled in Indian ports. In the seventh century, they converted to Islam, giving rise to small Muslim communities. These communities grew due to Indian conversions and because Hindu kings of south India (such as the Cholas) hired Muslim mercenaries. [161]
The Buland Darwaza gateway to Fatehpur Sikri, built by Akbar in 1601. Indo-Islamic architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes. Despite an initial Arab presence in Sindh, the development of Indo-Islamic architecture began in earnest with the establishment of Delhi as the capital ...
The cartography of India begins with early charts for navigation [1] and constructional plans for buildings. [2] Indian traditions influenced Tibetan [3] and Islamic traditions, [4] and in turn, were influenced by the British cartographers who solidified modern concepts into India's map making.
Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography , and cartography and mathematical geography . [ 1 ]
Hinduism, also called sanatana dharma (eternal dharma), is an Indian religion and a way of life primarily practiced in the Indian subcontinent. [ 32] Hinduism is an umbrella-term for the fusion of several Indian religions and traditions. Hinduism does not have a founder or a site-of-origin.
The Muslim material strength — along with the extent of modern education, theological "reform", and active participation in democratic process — recovered slowly after the 1921–22 Uprising. The Muslim numbers in provincial and central government posts remained staggeringly low. The Mappila literacy rate was only 5% in 1931.