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First heart sound: caused by atrioventricular valves – Mitral (M) and Tricuspid (T). Second heart sound caused by semilunar valves – Aortic (A) and Pulmonary/Pulmonic (P). Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the ...
Split S2. Wiggers diagram of various events of a cardiac cycle, with 2nd heart sound at bottom. A split S2 is a finding upon auscultation of the S2 heart sound. [ 1] It is caused when the closure of the aortic valve (A 2) and the closure of the pulmonary valve (P 2) are not synchronized during inspiration. The second heart sound (S2) is caused ...
Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
The fourth heart sound or S 4 is an extra heart sound that occurs during late diastole, immediately before the normal two "lub-dub" heart sounds (S 1 and S 2).It occurs just after atrial contraction and immediately before the systolic S 1 and is caused by the atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.
Specialty. Cardiology. A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. [ 1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop . The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S 1 and S 2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of ...
Cardiac physiology. Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.
Pericardial friction rub. A pericardial friction rub, also pericardial rub, is an audible medical sign used in the diagnosis of pericarditis. Upon auscultation, this sign is an extra heart sound of to-and-fro character, typically with three components, two systolic and one diastolic. [ 1] It resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is ...
Functional murmur. Heart sounds of a healthy human female with a functional or "innocent" heart murmur after exercise. A functional murmur ( innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself. [ 1]