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v. t. e. A paradigm shift is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. It is a concept in the philosophy of science that was introduced and brought into the common lexicon by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural ...
Status quo. Status quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, political, religious, scientific or military issues. [1] In the sociological sense, the status quo refers to the current state of social structure or values. [2] With regard to policy debate, it means how conditions are contrasted ...
Adaptive reuse. An abandoned building in Washington, D.C. being converted into luxury condominiums. Adaptive reuse refers to the process of reusing an existing building for a purpose other than which it was originally built or designed for. It is also known as recycling and conversion. [1] Adaptive reuse is an effective strategy for optimizing ...
Description. A spin-off [3] (also spelt spinoff [4]) is derived from already existing works that focus on more details and different aspects from the original work (e.g. particular topics, characters or events), and includes books, radio programs, television programs, films, video games, or any narrative work in any medium.
Indonesian speaker. Indonesian ( Bahasa Indonesia; [baˈhasa indoˈnesija]) is the official and national language of Indonesia. [8] It is a standardized variety of Malay, [9] an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries.
Reverse engineering. Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accomplishes a task with very little (if any) insight into exactly how it does so.
First issued. 1966; 58 years ago. ( 1966) The National Registration Identity Card ( NRIC ), colloquially known as " IC " ( Malay: Kad Pengenalan Pendaftaran Negara; Chinese: 身份证; pinyin: Shēnfèn Zhèng; Tamil: அடையாள அட்டை ), is a compulsory identity document issued to citizens and permanent residents of Singapore. [1]
Project commissioning. Commissioning of a conveyor where equipment is being tested to its maximum rating and capacity of operation. Project commissioning is the process of ensuring that all systems and components of a building or industrial plant are designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained according to the owner's or final client ...