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Cost distance analysis. In spatial analysis and geographic information systems, cost distance analysis or cost path analysis is a method for determining one or more optimal routes of travel through unconstrained (two-dimensional) space. [1] The optimal solution is that which minimizes the total cost of the route, based on a field of cost ...
Euclidean distance. In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of the line segment between them. It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, and therefore is occasionally called the Pythagorean distance . These names come from the ancient Greek ...
MapQuest. Screenshot of MapQuest in use on a web browser. MapQuest (stylized as mapquest) is an American free online web mapping service. It was launched in 1996 as the first commercial web mapping service. [1] MapQuest vies for market share with competitors such as Apple Maps, Here and Google Maps.
The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point and a distribution , introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. [1] The mathematical details of Mahalanobis distance has appeared in the Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal. [2] Mahalanobis's definition was prompted by the problem of identifying the similarities of skulls ...
Earth mover's distance. In computer science, the earth mover's distance ( EMD) [1] is a measure of dissimilarity between two frequency distributions, densities, or measures, over a metric space D . Informally, if the distributions are interpreted as two different ways of piling up earth (dirt) over D, the EMD captures the minimum cost of ...
Mercator 1569 world map ( Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendate Accommodata) showing latitudes 66°S to 80°N. The Mercator projection ( / mərˈkeɪtər /) is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for ...
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
In mathematics, the Wasserstein distance or Kantorovich – Rubinstein metric is a distance function defined between probability distributions on a given metric space . It is named after Leonid Vaseršteĭn . Intuitively, if each distribution is viewed as a unit amount of earth (soil) piled on , the metric is the minimum "cost" of turning one ...