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  2. Quantile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile

    The sample median is the most examined one amongst quantiles, being an alternative to estimate a location parameter, when the expected value of the distribution does not exist, and hence the sample mean is not a meaningful estimator of a population characteristic. Moreover, the sample median is a more robust estimator than the sample mean.

  3. Demographics of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe

    Europe population pyramid from 1950 to 2023. 330,000,000 people lived in Europe in 1916. [9] In 1950 there were 549,000,000. [10] The population of Europe in 2015 was estimated to be 741 million according to the United Nations, [10] which was slightly less than 11% of the world population. The precise figure depends on the exact definition of ...

  4. Stratified sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling

    In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations . Stratified sampling example. In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it could be advantageous to sample each subpopulation ( stratum) independently.

  5. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined ...

  6. European Union statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_statistics

    Area and population. As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people, although in 2020 the EU lost over 10% of its population as a result of the UK leaving the bloc. [1] Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, [2] though this could be offset with new countries ...

  7. Bias of an estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_of_an_estimator

    In other words, the expected value of the uncorrected sample variance does not equal the population variance σ 2, unless multiplied by a normalization factor. The sample mean, on the other hand, is an unbiased [5] estimator of the population mean μ. [3]

  8. Statistical parameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_parameter

    Statistical parameter. World population distribution. In statistics, as opposed to its general use in mathematics, a parameter is any quantity of a statistical population that summarizes or describes an aspect of the population, such as a mean or a standard deviation. If a population exactly follows a known and defined distribution, for example ...

  9. Statistical population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_population

    In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the Milky Way galaxy) or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game of poker).