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The partial sums of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, etc.The nth partial sum is given by a simple formula: = = (+). This equation was known ...
The idea becomes clearer by considering the general series 1 − 2x + 3x 2 − 4x 3 + 5x 4 − 6x 5 + &c. that arises while expanding the expression 1 ⁄ (1+x) 2, which this series is indeed equal to after we set x = 1. [12]
Binomial approximation. The binomial approximation is useful for approximately calculating powers of sums of 1 and a small number x. It states that. It is valid when and where and may be real or complex numbers . The benefit of this approximation is that is converted from an exponent to a multiplicative factor.
List of mathematical series. This list of mathematical series contains formulae for finite and infinite sums. It can be used in conjunction with other tools for evaluating sums. is a Bernoulli polynomial. is an Euler number. is the Riemann zeta function. is the gamma function. is a polygamma function. is a polylogarithm.
[3] The divergence of the harmonic series was first proven in 1350 by Nicole Oresme. [2] [4] Oresme's work, and the contemporaneous work of Richard Swineshead on a different series, marked the first appearance of infinite series other than the geometric series in mathematics. [5] However, this achievement fell into obscurity. [6]
1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ⋯. First six summands drawn as portions of a square. The geometric series on the real line. In mathematics, the infinite series 1 2 + 1 4 + 1 8 + 1 16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely. The sum of the series is 1. In summation notation ...
2. Denotes the additive inverse and is read as minus, the negative of, or the opposite of; for example, –2. 3. Also used in place of \ for denoting the set-theoretic complement; see \ in § Set theory. × (multiplication sign) 1. In elementary arithmetic, denotes multiplication, and is read as times; for example, 3 × 2. 2.
In calculus, trigonometric substitutions are a technique for evaluating integrals. In this case, an expression involving a radical function is replaced with a trigonometric one. Trigonometric identities may help simplify the answer. [ 1][ 2] Like other methods of integration by substitution, when evaluating a definite integral, it may be ...