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The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy.
The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A larger number indicates higher or steeper degree of "tilt".
An increase of $0.15 on a price of $2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15 / 2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is a 6% increase. While many percentage values are between 0 and 100, there is no mathematical restriction and percentages may take on other values. [4]
Simpson's 1/3 rule. Simpson's 1/3 rule, also simply called Simpson's rule, is a method for numerical integration proposed by Thomas Simpson. It is based upon a quadratic interpolation and is the composite Simpson's 1/3 rule evaluated for . Simpson's 1/3 rule is as follows: where is the step size for .
A unit fraction is a common fraction with a numerator of 1 (e.g., 1 / 7 ). Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 .
Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size ; mole fraction (percentage by moles , mol%) and volume fraction ...
The duty cycle is defined as the ratio between the pulse duration, or pulse width ( ) and the period ( ) of a rectangular waveform. Spectrum in relation to duty cycle. A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a percentage or a ratio. A ...
When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10-2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 1 ] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...
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