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India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [ 93][ 97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population. [ 98][ 99] Indian Muslim have a fertility rate of 2.36, the highest in the nation as per as according to year 2019-21 estimation. [ 100]
India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with more than 200 million adherents. [ 24 ] The Middle East - North Africa ( MENA ) region hosts 23% of the world's Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion in every country in the region [ 25 ] other than Israel .
Kashmir. Coordinates: 34.5°N 76.5°E. Kashmir ( / ˈkæʃmɪər / KASH-meer or / kæʃˈmɪər / kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range.
Map of the central Ladakh region. Ladakh is the highest plateau in India with most of it being over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). [20] It extends from the Himalayan to the Kunlun [68] Ranges and includes the upper Indus River valley. The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.
Islam. Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population. Islam first spread along the coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, almost as soon as it started in the Arabian Peninsula, as the Arab traders brought it to South Asia.
Islam in India. Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad Caliphate under the military command of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. [ 1] It began in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a gradual conquest.
The Sultanate of Ndzuwani (1711–1912) The Sultanate of Ngazidjia (1400–1912) Sultanate of Bambao. The Sultanate of Mwali (1830–1909) The Sultanate of Bajini (1500–1889) The Sultanate of Itsandra (1400–1886) The Sultanate of Mitsamihuli. The Sultanate of Washili. The Sultanate of Hambuu. The Sultanate of Hamahame.
The Talpur dynasty was a Shia Muslim dynasty based on the region of Sindh, which ruled Sindh and parts of Punjab region, from 1783 to 1843. [121] The Talpur army defeated the Kalhora Dynasty in the Battle of Halani in 1783 to become rulers of Sindh. Later it split into three smaller states of Mirpur, Hyderabad and Khairpur. [122]