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Other subjects of scientific inquiry included alchemy and chemistry, botany and agronomy, geography and cartography, ophthalmology, pharmacology, physics, and zoology . Medieval Islamic science had practical purposes as well as the goal of understanding. For example, astronomy was useful for determining the Qibla, the direction in which to pray ...
The works of Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 870) and Jayhani (c. 910s) were at the basis of a new Perso-Arab tradition in Persia and Central Asia. [10] The exact relationship between the books of Khordadbeh and Jayhani is unknown, because the two books had the same title, have often been mixed up, and Jayhani's book has been lost, so that it can only be approximately reconstructed from the works of other ...
Meanwhile, in the Islamic world, Alhazen's work influenced Averroes' writings on optics, [citation needed] and his legacy was further advanced through the 'reforming' of his Optics by Persian scientist Kamal al-Din al-Farisi (died c. 1320) in the latter's Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir (The Revision of [Ibn al-Haytham's] Optics). [108]
However the Islamic world had a greater respect for knowledge gained from empirical observation, and believed that the universe is governed by a single set of laws. Their use of empirical observation led to the formation of crude forms of the scientific method. [4] The study of physics in the Islamic world started in Iraq and Egypt. [5]
Al-Idrisi's world map from 'Ali ibn Hasan al-Hufi al-Qasimi's 1456 copy. This is an example of the circular world maps inserted into the manuscript in later editions. The book, written in Arabic, is divided into seven "climatic zones" each of which is subdivided into ten sections. Each section is given its two-page spread map, for a total of 70 ...
Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe. A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [ 1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
Abdus Salam. Mohammad Abdus Salam[ 4][ 5][ 6] NI (M) SPk ( / sæˈlæm /; pronounced [əbd̪ʊs səlaːm]; 29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996) [ 7] was a Pakistani theoretical physicist. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for his contribution to the electroweak unification theory. [ 8]
ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; [ 1] was a 10th-century Arab [ 2] Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. [ 3] His famous work, written in 977, is called Surat Al-Ard ( صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from his writings, was ...