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In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines ). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link ...
In the area of graph theory in mathematics, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. A signed graph is balanced if the product of edge signs around every cycle is positive. The name "signed graph" and the notion of balance appeared first in a mathematical paper of Frank Harary in 1953. [1]
In the mathematical area of graph theory, a clique ( / ˈkliːk / or / ˈklɪk /) is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. That is, a clique of a graph is an induced subgraph of that is complete. Cliques are one of the basic concepts of graph theory and are used in many ...
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatoric, or algorithmic approaches. There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants .
The Cartesian product of two edges is a cycle on four vertices: K 2 K 2 = C 4. The Cartesian product of K 2 and a path graph is a ladder graph. The Cartesian product of two path graphs is a grid graph. ( K 2 ) n = Q n . {\displaystyle (K_ {2})^ {\square n}=Q_ {n}.} Thus, the Cartesian product of two hypercube graphs is another hypercube: Q i Q ...
v − 1. Chromatic number. 2 if v > 1. Table of graphs and parameters. In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected graph. [1] A forest is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by at most one path, or equivalently ...
Graph (discrete mathematics) A graph with six vertices and seven edges. In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and ...
Tree (set theory) (need not be a tree in the graph-theory sense, because there may not be a unique path between two vertices) Tree (descriptive set theory) Euler tour technique; Graph limits. Graphon; Graphs in logic. Conceptual graph; Entitative graph; Existential graph; Laws of Form; Logical graph; Mazes and labyrinths. Labyrinth; Maze