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Addiction affects the brain circuits of reward and motivation, learning and memory, and the inhibitory control over behavior. [24] There are different schools of thought regarding the terms dependence and addiction when referring to drugs and behaviors. One adopted belief is that "drug dependence" equals "addiction."
A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. [ 1] The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions.
Behavioral addiction is a treatable condition. [20] Treatment options include psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy (i.e., medications) or a combination of both. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common form of psychotherapy used in treating behavioral addictions; it focuses on identifying patterns that trigger compulsive behavior and making lifestyle changes to promote ...
Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, 'breath, life, soul'; φάρμακον, pharmakon, 'drug'; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation ...
Hallucinogens are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. [ 1][ 2] Most hallucinogens can be categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants.
Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance. [ 1] It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible. [ 2] If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium " may be used. [ 3] Slang terms for the state include: getting high (generic), and ...
Methocarbamol is a popular drug that is commonly known as Robaxin and is over-the-counter in some countries. It is a carbamate with muscle relaxant effects. Tetrabamate is a controversial drug that is a combination of febarbamate, difebarbamate, and phenobarbital. It is marketed in Europe and has been largely, but not completely, discontinued.
Definition. A stimulant is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase the activity of the central nervous system and the body, [ 1] drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. [ 2] Sympathomimetic effects are those effects that mimic or copy the actions of the ...