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Creola Katherine Johnson ( née Coleman; August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights. [ 1][ 2] During her 33-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for ...
Elizabeth (or Bessie) Coleman [ 13] was born on January 26, 1892, in Atlanta, Texas, [ 10] the tenth of 13 children of George Coleman, an African American who may have had Cherokee or Choctaw grandparents, and Susan Coleman, who was African American. [ 14][ 15] Nine of the children survived childhood, which was typical for the time. [ 14]
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first African-American woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 ...
Shirley Anita Chisholm ( / ˈtʃɪzəm / CHIZ-əm; née St. Hill; November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician who, in 1968, became the first black woman to be elected to the United States Congress. [ 1] Chisholm represented New York's 12th congressional district, a district centered in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn [ a ...
Folding "cabinet-bed", forerunner of the Murphy bed; first African-American woman to receive a patent in the United States. [ 81][ 82][ 83] Grant, George F. 1846–1910. Dentist, professor. The first African-American professor at Harvard, Boston dentist, and inventor of a wooden golf tee . [ 84] Graves, Joseph L.
Black History Month is an annual observance originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month and was formerly known as Negro History Month before 1976. [4] It began as a way of remembering important people and events in the history of the African diaspora , initially lasting a week before becoming a ...
Henrietta Lacks (born Loretta Pleasant; August 1, 1920 – October 4, 1951) [ 1 ] was an African-American woman [ 4 ] whose cancer cells are the source of the HeLa cell line, the first immortalized human cell line [ A ] and one of the most important cell lines in medical research. An immortalized cell line reproduces indefinitely under specific ...
Phillis Wheatley Peters, also spelled Phyllis and Wheatly ( c. 1753 – December 5, 1784) was an American author who is considered the first African-American author of a published book of poetry. [ 2][ 3] Born in West Africa, she was kidnapped and subsequently sold into slavery at the age of seven or eight and transported to North America ...
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