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Russia–Turkey relations. Russia–Turkey relations ( Russian: Российско–турецкие отношения; Turkish: Rusya–Türkiye ilişkileri) are the bilateral relations between Russia and Turkey and their antecedent states. Relations between the two are rather cyclical. From the late 16th until the early 20th centuries ...
European Russia [a] is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the ...
A landlocked country is a country that does not have any territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie solely on endorheic basins. Currently, there are 44 landlocked countries, two of them doubly landlocked ( Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan ), and three landlocked de facto states in the world. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked ...
Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors. Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used.
Pale of Settlement. The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 ( de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden. Most Jews were still excluded from residency in ...
e. The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping. [1] [2] The terminology derives from the historical usage of Aryan, used by modern Indo-Iranians as an epithet of "noble".
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is an OECD term for the group of countries comprising Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania." [11]
Russia,[b]or the Russian Federation,[c]is a country spanning Eastern Europeand North Asia. It is the largest country in the world by area, extending across eleven time zonesand sharing land borders with fourteen countries. [d]It is the world's ninth-most populous countryand Europe's most populous country. Russia is a highly urbanised country ...