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  2. Sliding filament theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_filament_theory

    Sliding filament theory: A sarcomere in relaxed (above) and contracted (below) positions. The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement. [ 1] According to the sliding filament theory, the myosin ( thick filaments) of muscle fibers slide past the ...

  3. Muscle contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction

    Depiction of smooth muscle contraction. Muscle contraction is the activation of tension -generating sites within muscle cells. [ 1][ 2] In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position. [ 1]

  4. All-or-none law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-or-none_law

    All-or-none law. In physiology, the all-or-none law (sometimes the all-or-none principle or all-or-nothing law) is the principle that if a single nerve fibre is stimulated, it will always give a maximal response and produce an electrical impulse of a single amplitude. If the intensity or duration of the stimulus is increased, the height of the ...

  5. cAMP-dependent pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway

    In a cAMP-dependent pathway, the activated G s alpha subunit binds to and activates an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). [ 5] Increases in concentration of the second messenger cAMP may lead to the activation of. an enzyme called protein kinase A (PKA).

  6. Myofilament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofilament

    Myofilament. Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells. The main proteins involved are myosin, actin, and titin. Myosin and actin are the contractile proteins and titin is an elastic protein. The myofilaments act together in muscle contraction, and in order of size are a thick one of mostly myosin, a thin one of ...

  7. Sodium–potassium pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump

    NCBI. proteins. Flow of ions. Alpha and beta units. The sodium–potassium pump ( sodium – potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+ pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells. It performs several functions in cell physiology .

  8. Muscle hypertrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_hypertrophy

    A small study performed on young and elderly found that ingestion of 340 grams of lean beef (90 g protein) did not increase muscle protein synthesis any more than ingestion of 113 grams of lean beef (30 g protein). In both groups, muscle protein synthesis increased by 50%. The study concluded that more than 30 g protein in a single meal did not ...

  9. Adenosine diphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate

    The energy stored between these bonds can then be transferred to do work. For example, the transfer of energy from ATP to the protein myosin causes a conformational change when connecting to actin during muscle contraction. [1] The cycle of synthesis and degradation of ATP; 1 and 2 represent output and input of energy, respectively.