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The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, North Africa, it also includes the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace and Egypt. The term was invented by modern Western geographers and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, [ 1] but today ...
Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors.Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used.
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are Europe itself and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Three smaller peninsulas— Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans —emerge from the southern margin of the mainland.
Georgia is a mountainous country situated almost entirely in the South Caucasus, while some slivers of the country are situated north of the Caucasus Watershed in the North Caucasus. [ 166][ 167] The country lies between latitudes 41° and 44° N, and longitudes 40° and 47° E, with an area of 67,900 km 2 (26,216 sq mi).
The trade between East and West, as well as towards Asia, which had been disrupted for a long time by the two world wars, new borders and the Cold War, increased sharply after 1989. In addition, there is new impetus from the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative across the Suez Canal towards Africa and Asia. [262]
Map of Eastern Mediterranean, 1651. The eastern Mediterranean region is commonly interpreted in two ways: The Levant, including its historically tied neighboring countries, Balkans and islands of Greece. The region of Syria with the island of Cyprus (also known as the Levant), Egypt, Greek Dodecanese and Anatolian Turkey. [11]
West Asia. West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia. As defined by most academics, UN bodies and other institutions, the subregion consists of Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Mesopotamia, the Armenian highlands, the Levant, the island of Cyprus, the Sinai Peninsula and the South Caucasus.
The Caucasus forest refugium is the largest throughout the Western Asian (near Eastern) region. [71] [72] The area has multiple representatives of disjunct relict groups of plants with the closest relatives in Eastern Asia, southern Europe, and even North America. [73] [74] [75] Over 70 species of forest snails of the region are endemic. [76]