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Umar ibn al-Khattab ( Arabic: عمر ابن الخطاب, romanized : ʿUmar ibn al-Khattāb, c. 586–590 – 644 [ 5]: 685 ) c. 2 November ( Dhu al-Hijjah 26, 23 Hijri [ 6]) was a leading companion and adviser to Muhammad. His daughter Hafsa bint Umar was married to Muhammad; thus he became Muhammad's father-in-law. He became the second ...
Muhammad[ a] ( / moʊˈhɑːməd /; Arabic: مُحَمَّد, romanized : Muḥammad [mʊˈħæm.mæd] "praiseworthy"; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [ b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. [ c] According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic ...
Different sources give different lists of the 99 names. The following list is based on the one found in the Jamiʿ at-Tirmidhi (9th century), which is the most commonly known. [citation needed] Other hadiths, such as those of al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Ibn Majah, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi or Ibn ʿAsākir, have variant lists.
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam ( Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab.
The metaphor of a golden age began to be applied in 19th-century literature about Islamic history, in the context of the western aesthetic fashion known as Orientalism.The author of a Handbook for Travelers in Syria and Palestine in 1868 observed that the most beautiful mosques of Damascus were "like Mohammedanism itself, now rapidly decaying" and relics of "the golden age of Islam".
The Rashidun Caliphate ( Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ, romanized : al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE. During its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic ...
Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah. ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ ( Arabic: عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح ; 583–639 CE), better known as Abū ʿUbayda ( Arabic: أبو عبيدة ) was a Muslim commander and one of the Companions of the Prophet. He is mostly known for being one of the ten to whom Paradise was promised.