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25,000,000 – 50,000,000 (estimated) The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [ 2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [ 3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by ...
People who died of bubonic plague in a mass grave from 1720 to 1721 in Martigues, France. Medieval society's increasing population was put to deadly halt when, in the Late Middle Ages, Europe experienced the deadliest disease outbreak in history. They called it the Great Dying or The Great Pestilence, later coined The Black Death. [19]
The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World ( Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern Hemisphere, in the late 15th ...
In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of plague in Paris. [37] During the 16th and 17th centuries, plague visited Paris for almost one year out of three. [38] The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39]
Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, and to have spread by transport of cattle. [ 5][ 6][ 7] The term Rinderpest ( German: [ˈʁɪndɐˌpɛst] ⓘ) is a German word meaning "cattle plague". [ 2][ 7] The rinderpest virus (RPV) is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses. [ 8] The measles virus may have emerged ...
It killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans each year in the 18th century, including five reigning European monarchs. [25] Most people became infected during their lifetimes, and about 30% of people infected with smallpox died from the disease, presenting a severe selection pressure on the resistant survivors. [26]
Tuberculosis ( TB ), also known colloquially as the " white death ", or historically as consumption, [7] is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. [1] Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. [1] Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is ...
The history of syphilis has been well studied, but the exact origin of the disease remains unknown. [3] It appears to have originated in both Africa and America. [4] [5] As such, there are two primary hypotheses: one proposes that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the crew(s) of Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange, while the other proposes that ...