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This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day. [citation needed]
Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam ( Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab.
The Ashtiname of Muhammad, also known as the Covenant or Testament ( Testamentum) of Muhammad, is a charter or writ granting protection and other privileges to the followers of Jesus, given to the Christian monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula. It is sealed with an imprint representing Muhammad's hand.
His works in this period were often specifically directed at the Muslim masses of India, with an even stronger emphasis on Islam and Muslim spiritual and political reawakening. Published in 1935, Bal-e-Jibril بالِ جبریل ( Wings of Gabriel ) is considered by many critics as his finest Urdu poetry and was inspired by his visit to Spain ...
Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history. [4]
t. e. In Islam, Jahannam is the place of punishment for unbelievers and evildoers in the afterlife, or hell. [ 1] This notion is an integral part of Islamic theology, [ 1] and has occupied an important place in the Muslim belief. [ 2] It is often called by the proper name Jahannam. [ a] However, "Jahannam" is simultaneously a term specifically ...
Alhazen explored what is now known as the Euclidean parallel postulate, the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements, using a proof by contradiction, [126] and in effect introducing the concept of motion into geometry. [127] He formulated the Lambert quadrilateral, which Boris Abramovich Rozenfeld names the "Ibn al-Haytham–Lambert quadrilateral ...