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The format string syntax and semantics is the same for all of the functions in the printf-like family. Mismatch between the format specifiers and count and type of values can cause a crash or vulnerability. The printf format string is complementary to the scanf format string, which provides formatted input (lexing a.k.a. parsing). Both format ...
The std::string class is the standard representation for a text string since C++98. The class provides some typical string operations like comparison, concatenation, find and replace, and a function for obtaining substrings. An std::string can be constructed from a C-style string, and a C-style string can also be obtained from one.
Most C code can easily be made to compile correctly in C++ but there are a few differences that cause some valid C code to be invalid or behave differently in C++. For example, C allows implicit conversion from void * to other pointer types but C++ does not (for type safety reasons).
Both character termination and length codes limit strings: For example, C character arrays that contain null (NUL) characters cannot be handled directly by C string library functions: Strings using a length code are limited to the maximum value of the length code. Both of these limitations can be overcome by clever programming.
Definitions. A string is defined as a contiguous sequence of code units terminated by the first zero code unit (often called the NUL code unit). [ 1] This means a string cannot contain the zero code unit, as the first one seen marks the end of the string. The length of a string is the number of code units before the zero code unit. [ 1]
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
scanf, short for scan formatted, is a C standard library function that reads and parses text from standard input. The function accepts a format string parameter that specifies the layout of input text. The function parses input text and loads values into variables based on data type . Similar functions, with other names, predate C, such as ...
The <inttypes.h> header (cinttypes in C++) provides features that enhance the functionality of the types defined in the <stdint.h> header. It defines macros for printf format string and scanf format string specifiers corresponding to the types defined in <stdint.h> and several functions for working with the intmax_t and uintmax_t types.