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  2. Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_and_cartography...

    The works of Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 870) and Jayhani (c. 910s) were at the basis of a new Perso-Arab tradition in Persia and Central Asia. [10] The exact relationship between the books of Khordadbeh and Jayhani is unknown, because the two books had the same title, have often been mixed up, and Jayhani's book has been lost, so that it can only be approximately reconstructed from the works of other ...

  3. Islam by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country

    According to the Pew Research Center in 2017, the largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a country home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims, followed by Pakistan (11.1%), India (10.9%) and Bangladesh (9.2%). [ 8][ 19] About 20% of Muslims live in the Arab world. [ 20]

  4. Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_world...

    Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe. A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [ 1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.

  5. Constitution of Medina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Medina

    The Constitution of Medina (دستور المدينة, Dustūr al-Madīna), also known as the Umma Document, [1] is a document dealing with tribal affairs during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's time in Medina [2] and formed the basis of a multi-religious state under his leadership.

  6. Treaty of al-Hudaybiya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_al-Hudaybiya

    [6] [7] Muhammad with a group of some 1,500 Muslims of Medina, as well as some tribal allies, marched towards Mecca to perform the Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). [8] [a] There are conflicting accounts as to whether the Muslims carried weapons. [10] They were dressed as pilgrims and had sacrificial animals with them. [11]

  7. Tawhid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid

    Tawhid is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests. It unequivocally holds that God is indivisibly one ( ahad) and single ( wahid ). [ 3][ 4] Tawhid constitutes the foremost article of the Muslim profession of submission. [ 5] The first part of the Islamic declaration of ...

  8. Al-Fatiha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Fatiha

    Al-Fatiha ( Arabic: ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ, romanized : al-Fātiḥa, lit. 'the Opening') is the first chapter ( sura) of the Quran. It consists of seven verses ( ayat) which consist of a prayer for guidance and mercy. [ 1] Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary prayers, known as salah.

  9. Ibn Hawqal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hawqal

    ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; [ 1] was a 10th-century Arab [ 2] Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled from AD 943 to 969. [ 3] His famous work, written in 977, is called Surat Al-Ard ( صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death, known from his writings, was ...