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  2. Equations for a falling body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_for_a_falling_body

    Equations for a falling body. A set of equations describing the trajectories of objects subject to a constant gravitational force under normal Earth -bound conditions. Assuming constant acceleration g due to Earth’s gravity, Newton's law of universal gravitation simplifies to F = mg, where F is the force exerted on a mass m by the Earth’s ...

  3. Equations of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_motion

    To state this formally, in general an equation of motion M is a function of the position r of the object, its velocity (the first time derivative of r, v = ⁠dr dt⁠ ), and its acceleration (the second derivative of r, a = ⁠d2r dt2⁠ ), and time t. Euclidean vectors in 3D are denoted throughout in bold.

  4. Velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity

    The general formula for the escape velocity of an object at a distance r from the center of a planet with mass M is [12] = =, where G is the gravitational constant and g is the gravitational acceleration. The escape velocity from Earth's surface is about 11 200 m/s, and is irrespective of the direction of the object.

  5. Speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed

    L T−1. In kinematics, the speed (commonly referred to as v) of an object is the magnitude of the change of its position over time or the magnitude of the change of its position per unit of time; it is thus a scalar quantity. [ 1] The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the object divided by the ...

  6. Comoving and proper distances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_and_proper_distances

    Comoving distance and proper distance. Comoving distance is the distance between two points measured along a path defined at the present cosmological time. For objects moving with the Hubble flow, it is deemed to remain constant in time. The comoving distance from an observer to a distant object (e.g. galaxy) can be computed by the following ...

  7. List of relativistic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_relativistic_equations

    Lorentz factor. where and v is the relative velocity between two inertial frames . For two frames at rest, γ = 1, and increases with relative velocity between the two inertial frames. As the relative velocity approaches the speed of light, γ → ∞. Time dilation (different times t and t' at the same position x in same inertial frame)

  8. Motion graphs and derivatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_graphs_and_derivatives

    Motion graphs and derivatives. The green line shows the slope of the velocity-time graph at the particular point where the two lines touch. Its slope is the acceleration at that point. In mechanics, the derivative of the position vs. time graph of an object is equal to the velocity of the object. In the International System of Units, the ...

  9. Terminal velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity

    Terminal velocity is the maximum speed attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid ( air is the most common example). It is reached when the sum of the drag force ( Fd) and the buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity ( FG) acting on the object. Since the net force on the object is zero, the object has zero acceleration.