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The Krugerrand (/ ˈkruːɡərænd /; [1] Afrikaans: [ˈkry.ərˌrant]) is a South African coin, first minted on 3 July 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by Rand Refinery and the South African Mint. [2][3] The name is a compound of Paul Kruger, the former President of the South African Republic (depicted on the obverse), and ...
The 1978 series began with denominations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 rand, with a 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series had only one language variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10, and 50 rand, while English was the first on the 5 and 20 rand. A coin replaced the 1 rand note.
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. The economy of South Africa is a mixed economy, emerging market, and upper-middle-income economy, one of only eight such countries in Africa. [26][27][28] The economy is the most industrialised, technologically advanced, and diversified in Africa. [29] Following 1996, at the end of over ...
As of 2021/22 total South African government debt was $130 billion. [ 1 ] The country's debt to GDP ratio in October 2020 was calculated at 82.76% of GDP by the International Monetary Fund. [ 2 ] Roughly 90% of the national debt in 2019/20 was denominated in South African rand thereby reducing borrowing risk due to currency fluctuations. [ 3 ]
R58 583 + 28% of the value above R550 000. In the 2017/18 tax year 24.2% (993 069) of 3.7 million companies in South Africa had taxable income. Of them, 57.7% of the tax was paid by 370 large companies (0.2% of all companies) with a taxable income in excess of R200 million.
The real value is the value expressed in terms of purchasing power in the base year. The index price divided by its base-year value gives the growth factor of the price index. Real values can be found by dividing the nominal value by the growth factor of a price index. Using the price index growth factor as a divisor for converting a nominal ...
The American Cincinnatus: [1] Like the famous Roman, he won a war, then became a private citizen instead of seeking power or riches as a reward. He became the first president general of the Society of the Cincinnati, formed by Revolutionary War officers who also "declined offers of power and position to return to his home and plough".
In the 21st century, conservatism appears to be growing stronger at the state level. In 2011, Richard Florida, a contributing writer to The Atlantic wrote that the trend is most pronounced among the "least well-off, least educated, most blue collar, most economically hard-hit states". [166] [167]