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A Python dict, semantically used for keyword argument passing, is arbitrarily ordered. However, in Python 3.6+, keyword arguments are guaranteed to remember insertion order. "The order of elements in **kwargs now corresponds to the order in which keyword arguments were passed to the function." - What’s New In Python 3.6. In fact, all dicts in ...
Simply -> is introduced to get developers to optionally specify the return type of the function. See Python Enhancement Proposal 3107. This is an indication of how things may develop in future as Python is adopted extensively - an indication towards strong typing - this is my personal observation.
In Python, it's like: Creating a function (follows under the @ call) Calling another function to operate on your created function. This returns a new function. The function that you call is the argument of the @. Replacing the function defined with the new function returned.
In Python, the use of an underscore in a function name indicates that the function is intended for internal use and should not be called directly by users. It is a convention used to indicate that the function is "private" and not part of the public API of the module.
If you really need to get the result from your function by assigning to a global variable, use the global keyword to tell Python that the name should be looked up in the global scope: words = ['hello'] def replace_global_words(): global words words = ['hello', 'world'] replace_global_words() # `words` is a new list with both words
A Python function can take in some arguments, take this for example, def add(x,y): return x+ y # calling this will require only x and y add(2,3) # 5 If we want to add as many arguments as we may want, we shall just use *args which shall be a list of more arguments than the number of formal arguments that you previously defined ( x and y ).
Values aren't returned "in variables"; that's not how Python works. A function returns values (objects). A variable is just a name for a value in a given context. When you call a function and assign the return value somewhere, what you're doing is giving the received value a name in the calling context.
Read about using docstrings in your Python code. As per the Python docstring conventions: The docstring for a function or method should summarize its behavior and document its arguments, return value(s), side effects, exceptions raised, and restrictions on when it can be called (all if applicable). Optional arguments should be indicated.
6. ** is indeed faster then math.pow(), but if you want a simple quadratic function like in your example it is even faster to use a product. 10.*10. will be faster then. 10.**2. The difference is not big and not noticable with one operation (using timeit), but with a large number of operations it can be significant.
11. Yes, it's possible. I wrote the code below in Python 3.2.1: def overload(*functions): return lambda *args, **kwargs: functions[len(args)](*args, **kwargs) Usage: myfunction=overload(no_arg_func, one_arg_func, two_arg_func) Note that the lambda returned by the overload functions choose a function to call depending on the number of unnamed ...