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The governments of other Muslim-majority countries have responded by criticizing the Declaration as an attempt by the non-Muslim world to impose their values on Muslims, with a presumption of cultural superiority, [256] [257] and by issuing the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam—a joint declaration of the member states of the ...
Jizya (Arabic: جِزْيَة, romanized: jizya), or jizyah, [1] is a type of discriminative taxation historically levied on non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law. [2] The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount, [3] and the application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. However ...
While slavery was by the 1870s viewed as morally unacceptable in the West, slavery was not considered to be immoral in the Muslim world since it was an institution recognized in the Quran and morally justified under the guise of warfare against non-Muslims, and non-Muslims were kidnapped and enslaved by Muslims around the Muslim world: in the ...
Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-'Abbās al-Zahrāwī al-Ansari[ 1] ( Arabic: أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي ; c. 936–1013), popularly known as al-Zahrawi ( الزهراوي ), Latinised as Albucasis or Abulcasis (from Arabic Abū al-Qāsim ), was a physician, surgeon and chemist from al-Andalus. [ 2] He is ...
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
The 1998 fatwā [2] reached Al Quds Al Arabi by fax, [5] and was signed by five people, four of whom represented specific Islamist groups. The signatories as a group were identified as the "World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders". Osama bin Laden [2] Ayman al-Zawahiri, [2] "emir of the Jihad Group in Egypt", probably meaning ...
Timbuktu Manuscripts, or Tombouctou Manuscripts, is a blanket term for the large number of historically significant manuscripts that have been preserved for centuries in private households in Timbuktu, a city in northern Mali. The collections include manuscripts about art, medicine, philosophy, and science, as well as copies of the Quran. [ 1]
Bayezid was the son of Murad I [5] and his Greek wife, Gülçiçek Hatun. [6] His first major role was as governor of Kütahya, a city that he earned by marrying the daughter of a Germiyanid ruler, Devletşah. [7]