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Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] particularly the Hellenistic geographers Ptolemy and Marinus of Tyre, [2] : 193 combined with what explorers ...
Introductory summary overview map from al-Idrisi's 1154 world atlas (South is at the top of the map.) Apart from the Nile , Tigris , and Euphrates , navigable rivers were uncommon in the Middle East, so transport by sea was very important.
Islam ( / ˈɪzlɑːm, ˈɪzlæm / IZ-la (h)m; [7] Arabic: ٱلْإِسْلَام, romanized :al-Islām, IPA: [alʔɪsˈlaːm], lit.'submission [to the will of God]') is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the ...
Islam. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God ( Allah) [1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger. [2] [3] The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.
Learn about the origins, spread, and diversity of Islam, one of the world's major religions, from its birth to the present day.
The book is renowned for its chapter on surgery ... —a historical summary of ... he was an intrepid traveller who journeyed all over the Islamic world and ...
The phrase itself was earlier used by Albert Camus in 1946, [9] by Girilal Jain in his analysis of the Ayodhya dispute in 1988, [10] [11] by Bernard Lewis in an article in the September 1990 issue of The Atlantic Monthly titled "The Roots of Muslim Rage" [12] and by Mahdi El Mandjra in his book "La première guerre civilisationnelle" published in 1992. [13] [14] Even earlier, the phrase ...
Ibn Taymiyya's role in the Islamist movements of the twentieth and twenty first century have also been noted by the previous Coordinator for Counterterrorism at the United States Department of State, Daniel Benjamin, who labels the chapter on the history of modern Islamic movements in his book The Age of Sacred Terror, as "Ibn Taymiyya and His ...