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t. e. Technological determinism is a reductionist theory in assuming that a society's technology progresses by following its own internal logic of efficiency, while determining the development of the social structure and cultural values. [1] The term is believed to have originated from Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), an American sociologist and ...
Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology —as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved. Since this judgment is often negative, some ...
Units in everyday use by country as of 2019 The history of the metric system began during the Age of Enlightenment with measures of length and weight derived from nature, along with their decimal multiples and fractions. The system became the standard of France and Europe within half a century. Other measures with unity ratios [Note 1] were added, and the system went on to be adopted across ...
At the Cerro Paranal Observatory, a laser beam is used to create an artificial star to tune the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The search for exoplanets on which extraterrestrial civilizations could be found is one of the many missions of the VLT. The Kardashev scale ( Russian: Шкала́ Кардашёва, romanized : Shkalá Kardashova) is a ...
One more special example of craftsmanship in early 15th-century Europe is the astrolabe designed by Antonius de Pacento and made by Dominicus de Lanzano, dated 1420. [34] In the 16th century, Johannes Stöffler published Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii, a manual of the construction and use of the astrolabe.
An intelligence quotient ( IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [ 1] The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient, his term for a scoring method for intelligence tests at University of Breslau he advocated in ...
Science and technology in Europe. Europe 's achievements in science and technology have been significant and research and development efforts form an integral part of the European economy. Europe has been the home of some of the most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines, notably physics, mathematics, chemistry and engineering.
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximize their chances of achieving defined goals. [1]