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  2. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy - Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′ -Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle . A point P has coordinates ( x, y) with respect to the ...

  3. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    Rotation matrix. In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix. rotates points in the xy plane counterclockwise through an angle θ about the origin of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

  4. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a given point in space is specified by three real numbers: the radial distance r along the radial line connecting the point to the fixed point of origin; the polar angle θ between the radial line and a polar axis; and the ...

  5. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    Rotation of an object in two dimensions around a point O. Rotation in mathematics is a concept originating in geometry. Any rotation is a motion of a certain space that preserves at least one point. It can describe, for example, the motion of a rigid body around a fixed point. Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle ): a clockwise ...

  6. Quaternions and spatial rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial...

    3D visualization of a sphere and a rotation about an Euler axis (^) by an angle of In 3-dimensional space, according to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body or coordinate system about a fixed point is equivalent to a single rotation by a given angle about a fixed axis (called the Euler axis) that runs through the fixed point. [6]

  7. Euler's rotation theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_rotation_theorem

    A rotation represented by an Euler axis and angle. In geometry, Euler's rotation theorem states that, in three-dimensional space, any displacement of a rigid body such that a point on the rigid body remains fixed, is equivalent to a single rotation about some axis that runs through the fixed point. It also means that the composition of two ...

  8. Rotation formalisms in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_formalisms_in...

    Rotate the vector v = (X, Y, Z) around the rotation vector Q = (X, Y, Z). The angle of rotation will be θ = ‖ Q ‖. Calculate the cosine of the angle times the vector to rotate, plus sine of the angle times the axis of rotation, plus one minus cosine of the angle times the dot product of the vector and rotation axis times the axis of rotation.

  9. Contour integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_integration

    In the mathematical field of complex analysis, contour integration is a method of evaluating certain integrals along paths in the complex plane. [1] [2] [3] Contour integration is closely related to the calculus of residues, [4] a method of complex analysis . One use for contour integrals is the evaluation of integrals along the real line that ...