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Granular base equivalency or granular base equivalence ( GBE) is a measure of total pavement thickness. [1] [2] Since pavement is composed of multiple layers with different physical properties, its total thickness is measured by GBE. GBE translates the thickness of different road layers to a number using a set of coefficients.
A geometric design saved on construction costs and improved visibility with the intention to reduce the likelihood of traffic incidents. The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints.
In transportation engineering, the K factor is defined as the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in an hour. [1] This factor is used for designing and analyzing the flow of traffic on highways. K factors must be calculated at a continuous count station, usually an "automatic traffic recorder", for a year before being determined.
Pavement condition index. The pavement condition index ( PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section. The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [ 1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure ...
the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. degree (°) ∠ BAC. extensive, scalar. Luminous intensity. Iv. Wavelength - weighted power of emitted light per unit solid angle. candela (cd) J.
kilometre (km) or kilometer is a metric unit used, outside the US, to measure the length of a journey; the international statute mile (mi) is used in the US; 1 mi = 1.609344 km. nautical mile is rarely used to derive units of transportation quantity.
The base quantities of a given system of physical quantities is a subset of those quantities, where no base quantity can be expressed in terms of the others, but where every quantity in the system can be expressed in terms of the base quantities. Within this constraint, the set of base quantities is chosen by convention.
The California Bearing Ratio ( CBR) is a measure of the strength of the subgrade of a road or other paved area, and of the materials used in its construction. The ratio is measured using a standardized penetration test first developed by the California Division of Highways for highway engineering. [ 1] Empirical tests measure the strength of ...