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The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
In the left sidebar, under Print/export select Download as PDF. The rendering engine starts and a dialog appears to show the rendering progress. When rendering is complete, the dialog shows "The document file has been generated. Download the file to your computer." Click the download link to open the PDF in your selected PDF viewer.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
The RIS file format —two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, [ 3][ 4][ 5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems ...
The Google Books Ngram Viewer was hence developed in the hope of opening a new window to quantitative research in the humanities field, and the database contained 500 billion words from 5.2 million books publicly available from the very beginning. [2] [3] [9]
A PDF page description can use a matrix to scale, rotate, or skew graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the graphics state, which is a collection of graphical parameters that may be changed, saved, and restored by a page description. PDF has (as of version 2.0) 25 graphics state properties, of which some of the most important are:
name of book's editor; name of book and other details as above; chapter number or page numbers for the chapter (optional) In some instances, the verso of a book's title page may record, "Reprinted with corrections XXXX" or similar, where "XXXX" is a year. This is a different version of a book in the same way that different editions are ...