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  2. Celestial navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation

    A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...

  3. History of longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude

    The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude of any given place on Earth. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. In particular, for safe ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude ...

  4. Great-circle navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_navigation

    Great-circle navigation. Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; from Ancient Greek ορθός (orthós) 'right angle' and δρόμος (drómos) 'path') is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe.

  5. Longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

    Longitude ( / ˈlɒndʒɪtjuːd /, AU and UK also / ˈlɒŋɡɪ -/) [ 1][ 2] is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east – west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ). Meridians are imaginary ...

  6. Navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation

    A navigation system on an oil tanker. Navigation[ 1] is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. [ 2] The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, [ 3] marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation.

  7. History of navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_navigation

    The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments. Many peoples have excelled as seafarers, prominent among them the Austronesians ( Islander Southeast Asians ...

  8. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    v. t. e. A geographic coordinate system ( GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [ 1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.

  9. Geopositioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopositioning

    Geopositioning is the process of determining or estimating the geographic position of an object. [ 1] Geopositioning yields a set of geographic coordinates (such as latitude and longitude) in a given map datum; positions may also be expressed as a bearing and range from a known landmark. In turn, positions can determine a meaningful location ...