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A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model ( PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. They are commonly used in probability theory, statistics —particularly Bayesian statistics —and machine learning .
A Bayesian network (also known as a Bayes network, Bayes net, belief network, or decision network) is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG). [1] While it is one of several forms of causal notation, causal networks are special cases of Bayesian ...
Category:Graph theory. v. t. e. In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Erdős–Rényi model refers to one of two closely related models for generating random graphs or the evolution of a random network. These models are named after Hungarian mathematicians Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi, who introduced one of the models in 1959.
t. e. In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs. Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. [ 1][ 2] The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory.
This field of study has its historical roots in numerous disciplines including machine learning, experimental psychology and Bayesian statistics.As early as the 1860s, with the work of Hermann Helmholtz in experimental psychology, the brain's ability to extract perceptual information from sensory data was modeled in terms of probabilistic estimation.
Hopfield network. A Hopfield network ( associative memory or Ising–Lenz–Little model or Nakano-Amari-Hopfield network) is a spin glass system used to model neural networks, based on Ernst Ising 's work with Wilhelm Lenz on the Ising model of magnetic materials. [ 1 ]
Belief propagation. Belief propagation, also known as sum–product message passing, is a message-passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. It calculates the marginal distribution for each unobserved node (or variable), conditional on any observed nodes (or variables).
The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, also known as the fatigue life distribution, is a probability distribution used extensively in reliability applications to model failure times. The chi distribution. The noncentral chi distribution; The chi-squared distribution, which is the sum of the squares of n independent Gaussian random variables.